{"id":4022,"date":"2022-10-24T08:03:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-24T08:03:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/?p=4022"},"modified":"2022-11-12T12:06:25","modified_gmt":"2022-11-12T12:06:25","slug":"el-colapso-modelo-mecanicas-principales-y-que-hace-al-juego-unico-y-diferente-the-collapse-model-main-mechanics-and-what-makes-the-game-unique-and-different","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/2022\/10\/24\/el-colapso-modelo-mecanicas-principales-y-que-hace-al-juego-unico-y-diferente-the-collapse-model-main-mechanics-and-what-makes-the-game-unique-and-different\/","title":{"rendered":"El Colapso: Modelo, mec\u00e1nicas principales y que hace al juego \u00fanico y diferente \/ The Collapse: Model, main mechanics and what makes the game unique and different"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>For the article information in English, please scroll down<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Introducci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Este art\u00edculo tiene el objetivo de presentar los principales conceptos que definen al juego, desde su concepci\u00f3n y evaluaci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica, pasando por el proceso de investigaci\u00f3n y de testeo inicial hasta la fecha actual. La importancia de este art\u00edculo no radica en exponer la teor\u00eda de porque se han decidido unas u otras opciones en el dise\u00f1o, sino para que los lectores y jugadores puedan entender que como dise\u00f1ador mi prioridad es aportar un juego que divierta a la gente con un tema hist\u00f3rico como es la guerra de los 30 a\u00f1os que me apasiona, y que est\u00e9n seguros que tanto los productos finales (mapa, fichas, hojas de ayuda, reglamento y libro hist\u00f3rico, etc.), como el proceso de dise\u00f1o han seguido una rigurosidad en cuando a calidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Concepto te\u00f3rico del juego<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En cuanto a la concepci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica del juego, he seguido dos aspectos importantes que expongo muy brevemente a continuaci\u00f3n, y que si alg\u00fan lector o jugador quiere que expanda con m\u00e1s detalle deje un comentario al pie del art\u00edculo, o me env\u00ede un mensaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a. Riguroso proceso de investigaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica y de desarrollo conceptual<br><\/strong>Siguiendo el modelo descrito en investigaci\u00f3n por Alan Bryman en su libro\u2018Social Research Methods 4th edition\u2019 publicado el a\u00f1o 2012 por la editorial Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>b. Importancia de la geopol\u00edtica entre varias entidades pol\u00edticas<br><\/strong>Como es el caso de la confrontaci\u00f3n entre diversas naciones principalmente cat\u00f3licas y protestantes durante la guerra de los 30 a\u00f1os. Siguiendo los modelos e interacciones entre naciones por John Baylis, Steve Smith y Patricia Owens en su libro \u2018The Globalization of World Politics. An introduction to international relations. 6th edition\u2019 publicado en el a\u00f1o 2014 por la editorial Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Modelo del juego<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfQue se busca describir en el juego?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a. Concepto:<\/strong> Principalmente un concepto estrat\u00e9gico que describa la complejidad de la pol\u00edtica de la \u00e9poca como mecanismo de victoria, con aspectos operacionales para describir el movimiento y log\u00edstica de las tropas y ej\u00e9rcitos, y aspectos t\u00e1cticos para describir las batallas y asedios\/asaltos a ciudades siguiendo de una manera abstracta como sucedieron hist\u00f3ricamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b. Tema:<\/strong> El conflicto de la guerra de los 30 a\u00f1os, dur\u00f3 desde 1618 a 1648, pero tuve varias fases interconectadas (principalmente las intervenciones danesa, sueca y francesa y la guerra en Flandes y las Provincias Unidas, y otros conflictos hist\u00f3ricamente considerados menores como la guerra de Mantua, conflicto con la Liga de los Grisones en la Confederaci\u00f3n Helv\u00e9tica).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Model-del-juego.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4025\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Modelo del juego<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfCon que mecanismos se explica el juego?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>a. Dimensiones: <\/strong>mediante la abstracci\u00f3n en 3 grandes \u00e1reas (o dimensiones) y sus interacciones, es mucho m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil y estructurado describir el modelo, mec\u00e1nicas y conceptos del juego. Estas 3 dimensiones, y los principales componentes que las definen en el juego son:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><em><strong>Militar:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fuerzas: unidades que pueden promocionar y l\u00edderes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organizaci\u00f3n: Ej\u00e9rcitos (unidades con l\u00edderes) y Stacks (unidades sin l\u00edderes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Batallas: para obtener beneficios de prestigio y mejorar las opciones pol\u00edticas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asedios y saqueos: para exponer la destrucci\u00f3n vivida en las regiones y la importancia log\u00edstica para las fuerzas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Diplomacia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tensi\u00f3n, diversi\u00f3n y amplia rejugabilidad: con los cambios en las 9 alianzas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Posibles alternativas (viables) hist\u00f3ricas: cambios en las alianzas y su impacto en la log\u00edstica de las fuerzas y la pol\u00edtica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Pol\u00edtica:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Determinaci\u00f3n de la victoria: mediante el control pol\u00edtico de las regiones (y unas pocas cartas para a\u00f1adir incertidumbre)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relevancia de la pol\u00edtica de la \u00e9poca: mediante el uso de las fuerzas (militar), para conseguir el objetivo (control pol\u00edtico de las regiones)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Control pol\u00edtico hist\u00f3rico: mediante el necesario control de ciertas ciudades (con las ciudades fortificadas obligatoriamente), para conseguir el control de la regi\u00f3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b. Cartas: <\/strong>mediante el uso de cartas (mec\u00e1nica de motor de cartas), los jugadores deciden usar los puntos de Operaciones (OPS) de la carta en una o varias opciones para a\u00f1adir m\u00e1s dinamismo, rejugabilidad e incertidumbre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Evento: <\/strong>Pago del coste del evento indicado en la carta<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Operaciones: <\/strong>Pago del coste de la Operaci\u00f3n seleccionada, entre las diferentes opciones posibles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Evento + Operaciones:<\/strong> Pago del coste del evento y Operaciones, de manera que los jugadores puedan decidir su aplicaci\u00f3n con los puntos de Operaciones (OPS) de la carta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cartas-The-Collapse_Conjunto-de-datos-6-copia-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4026\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Carta del juego (material de testeo)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se explica la progresi\u00f3n del juego?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>a. Secuencia de juego:<\/strong> mediante varias fases escalonadas y que funcionan de manera c\u00edclica (una despu\u00e9s de la otra, y se vuelve a la primera), hasta que se consigue la victoria o al final de la partida (Turno 10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fase inicial:<\/strong> Fase de Planificaci\u00f3n del turno (con 7 pasos)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fase intermedia y de juego: <\/strong>Fase de Campa\u00f1a donde los jugadores alternan el juego de cartas (mec\u00e1nica de motor de cartas \/ CDG) de su mano moviendo los ej\u00e9rcitos y stacks por el mapa a trav\u00e9s de ciudades (mec\u00e1nica de punto a punto), hasta que se acaban<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fase especial:<\/strong> Fase de Elecci\u00f3n Imperial que s\u00f3lo se produce en determinados turnos (Turnos 1 y 7), para a\u00f1adir la importancia de la personalidad del Emperador en el conflicto<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fase final y administrativa:<\/strong> Fase de Final de Turno, para determinar aspectos administrativos del juego (recursos, revueltas, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fases-del-juego.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4027\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fases del juego<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfA trav\u00e9s de que medio se describe el juego?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>a. Narrativa del juego:<\/strong> mediante la parte narrativa e hist\u00f3rica del conflicto de la guerra de los 30 a\u00f1os, se aporta una rigurosidad hist\u00f3rica al juego con una revisi\u00f3n y asesoramiento de profesionales hist\u00f3ricos altamente cualificados tanto en el juego con en los materiales incluidos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ElColapsoLaGuerradelos30-1-708x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4028\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Portada del juego (Pintura de Augusto Ferrer Dalmau)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 hace al juego \u00fanico y diferente?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2022 Fase de Planificaci\u00f3n<br>\u2022 Fase de Elecci\u00f3n Imperial<br>\u2022 Puntos de Prestigio<br>\u2022 Desgaste y uso de puntos de bagaje<br>\u2022 Uso de Puntos de Reemplazo (RP) para mejorar, crear y promocionar unidades, y mejorar alianzas<br>\u2022 Alianzas fluctuantes que hacen cada partida diferente<br>\u2022 Operaciones \u00e1giles y adaptadas hist\u00f3ricamente (Batallas menores y mayores, asedios, bloqueos navales, etc.)<br>\u2022 Importancia log\u00edstica de las conexiones entre ciudades del \u2018Camino Espa\u00f1ol\u2019 y el \u2018paso de la Valtellina\u2019<br>\u2022 Escenario de campa\u00f1a (10 turnos) y m\u00e1s cortos (entre 2 y 6 turnos), que se pueden extender si los jugadores lo deciden<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sobre el pr\u00f3ximo art\u00edculo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2022 Descripci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica del conflicto<br>\u2022 Progreso y organizaci\u00f3n del testeo del juego<br>\u2022 Testeo y presentaci\u00f3n del juego en la convenci\u00f3n de wargames Batalladores del 4 al 6 de noviembre de 2022 en Zaragoza<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/batallador.es\/\">https:\/\/batallador.es\/<\/a> (Link de la convenci\u00f3n Batalladores 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El juego est\u00e1 actualmente en reserva en la p\u00e1gina web de NAC Wargames y Mas que Oca (sin solicitud de pago), donde pod\u00e9is apoyar la publicaci\u00f3n del juego con vuestro registro en https:\/\/t.co\/yPf87XEdw9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tiene alguna pregunta o quiere que ampl\u00ede un art\u00edculo o escriba sobre algo que le interese, h\u00e1gamelo saber con un comentario sobre este art\u00edculo, env\u00edeme un correo electr\u00f3nico a daniel.hndez@gmail.com y siga las noticias del juego en Twitter (@HndezDaniel). En noviembre abrir\u00e9 las pruebas del juego a quien le interese<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Para la informaci\u00f3n del art\u00edculo en espa\u00f1ol, ve al inicio del art\u00edculo arriba<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This article aims to present the main concepts that define the game, from its conception and theoretical evaluation, through the initial research and playtest progress to the current date. The importance of this article does not lie in exposing the theory of why one or another design option has been decided, but so that game readers and players can understand the seriousness of the design process from the beginning of the idea in 2020 until nowadays, so that they can understand that as a designer my priority is to provide a game that entertains people on a historical issue such as the 30-year war that I am passionate about, and that they are sure that as many as the final product (map, cards, help sheets, rulebook and historical book, etc.) as the design process has followed a rigor in terms of quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Theoretical conception of the game<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Regarding the theoretical conception of the game, I have followed two important aspects that I explain very briefly below, and that if any reader or player wants me to expand in more detail, leave a comment at the bottom of the article, or send me a message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a. Rigorous process of historical research and conceptual development<br><\/strong>Following the model described in research by Alan Bryman in his book&#8217; Social Research Methods 4th edition &#8216;published in 2012 by Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b. Importance of geopolitics between various political entities<br><\/strong>As is the case of the confrontation between various mainly Catholic and Protestant nations during the 30-year war. Following the models and interactions between nations by John Baylis, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens in their book &#8216; The globalization of World Politics. An introduction to international relations. 6th edition &#8216;published in 2014 by the Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Game Model<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfWhat does the game seek to describe?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>a. Concept:<\/strong> Mainly a strategic concept that describes the complexity of the politics of the time as a victory mechanism, with operational aspects to describe the movement and logistics of troops and armies, and tactical aspects to describe the battles and sieges\/assaults on cities following in an abstract way as what happened historically.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b. Topic: <\/strong>The conflict of the 30 years\u2019 war lasted from 1618 to 1648, but had several interconnected phases (mainly the Danish, Swedish and French interventions and the war in Flanders and the United Provinces, and other conflicts historically considered minor such as the Mantuan War, conflict with the Leagues in the Swiss Confederation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Model-del-juego-ingles.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4029\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Game Model<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfWhich mechanisms explain the game?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>a. Dimensions: <\/strong>By abstracting the game into 3 large areas (or dimensions) and their interactions, it is much easier and more structured to describe the model, mechanics and concepts of the game. These 3 dimensions, and the main components that define them in the game are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Military:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Forces: units that can be promoted and leaders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organization: Armies (units with leaders) and Stacks (units without leaders)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Battles: to gain prestige and improve political benefits (region control)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sieges and pillages: to present the destruction experienced in the regions and the logistical importance for the forces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Diplomacy:<br><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tension, fun and extensive replay value: with the changes in the 9 alliances<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Possible (and accurate) historical alternatives: changes in alliances and their impact on the logistics of forces and politics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Politics:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Victory Determination: by political control of regions (and a few cards to add uncertainty)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relevance of the politics of the time: through the use of forces (military), to achieve their objective (political control of the regions)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Historical political control: through the necessary control of certain cities (with mandatory fortified cities), to gain control of the region<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b. Cards:<\/strong> through the use of cards (card engine mechanics), players decide to use the card&#8217;s Operations Points (OPS) in one or multiple options to add more dynamism, replayability, and uncertainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Event:<\/strong> Payment of the cost of the event indicated on the card<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Operations: <\/strong>Payment of the cost of the selected Operation, among the different possible options<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Event + Operations:<\/strong> Payment of the cost of the event and Operations, so that the players can decide their application with the Operations points (OPS) of the card<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Cartas-The-Collapse_Conjunto-de-datos-9-copia.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4030\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Game card (playtest material)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfHow is the game progression explained?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>a. Sequence of play:<\/strong> through several staggered phases that work cyclically (one after the other, and you go back to the first), until victory is achieved or at the end of the game (Turn 10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Initial phase: <\/strong>Planning Phase (with 7 steps)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Intermediate and Game Phase:<\/strong> Campaign Phase where players alternate the play of cards (CDG mechanic) from their hand by moving armies and stacks around the map through cities (point-to-point mechanic), until both players run out of cards<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Special Phase:<\/strong> Imperial Election Phase that only occurs on certain turns (Turns 1 and 7), to add the importance of the emperor\u2019s personality to the conflict<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Final and administrative phase:<\/strong> End of Turn Phase, to determine administrative aspects of the game (resources, revolts, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Fases-del-juego-ingles.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4031\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Game phases and its progression<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfThrough which way is the game described?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>a. Narrative of the game:<\/strong> through the narrative and historical part of the conflict of the 30 years\u2019 war, a historical rigor is brought to the game with a review and advice of highly qualified historical professionals both in the game and in the included materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edicionesmasqueoca.com\/diarios\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ElColapsoLaGuerradelos30-2-708x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4032\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Game cover (Painting from Augusto Ferrer Dalmau)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>What makes the game unique and different?<br><\/strong>\u2022 Planning Phase<br>\u2022 Imperial Election Phase<br>\u2022 Prestige Points<br>\u2022 Attrition and use of baggage points<br>\u2022 Use of Replacement Points (RP) to upgrade, create and promote units, and improve alliances<br>\u2022 Fluctuating alliances that make each game different<br>\u2022 Agile and historically adapted operations (minor and major battles, sieges, naval blockades, etc.)<br>\u2022 Logistical importance of the connections between cities of the &#8216;Spanish Way&#8217; and the &#8216; Valtellina pass &#8216;<br>\u2022 Campaign scenario (10 turns) and shorter (between 2 and 6 turns), which can be extended if the players decide<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>About the next article<br><\/strong>\u2022 Historical description of the conflict<br>\u2022 Game playtesting progress and organization<br>\u2022 Batalladores wargames convention from November 4 to 6, 2022 in Zaragoza<\/li><li>https:\/\/batallador.es\/ (Link wargaming convention Batalladores 2022)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The game is currently in reserve on the NAC Wargames and Mas que Oca website (without payment request), where you can support the publication of the game with your registration at https:\/\/t.co\/yPf87XEdw9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have any questions or want me to expand an article or write about something that you are interested, please let me know with a comment on this article, email me at daniel.hndez@gmail.com and follow game news on Twitter (@HndezDaniel). In November I will open the testing of the game to whoever is interested<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Daniel Hern\u00e1ndez Iniesta (Dise\u00f1ador de &#8216;El Colapso&#8217; \/ Designer of &#8216;The Collapse&#8217;)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the article information in English, please scroll down Este art\u00edculo tiene el objetivo de presentar los principales conceptos que definen al juego, desde su concepci\u00f3n y evaluaci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica, pasando por el proceso de investigaci\u00f3n y de testeo inicial hasta la fecha actual. La importancia de este art\u00edculo no radica en exponer la teor\u00eda de 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